Railway switching system.



PATENTBD JUNE 11, 1907.

V W. MAGOMBER.

RMLWAY SWITCHING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION EILED FEB. 20. 1905.

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PATENTED JUNE 11, 1907.

` W. MAGOMBER.

RAILWAY SWI'IGHING SYSTEM. PPLIGATION FILED ma. zo, 190s.

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W. MAGOMBER. RAILWAY' SWITCHING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 20, 1905.

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WILLIMI MAOOMBER, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL RAUVAY SIGNAL COMPANY, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 11, 1907.

Application filed February 20, 1905. Serial No. 246,538.

To all LU/'mnt it 771,04/ concern:

16 and 17 are two electro-magnets govern- Be it known that I, VILLIAH MACOMBER, a l ing a common armature 24.

citizen of the United States, residing at Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Railway Switching and Signaling System, of which the following is a specification.

Hy invention relates to railway switching and signaling apparatus, and more particularly to railway switching and signaling apparatus in which the motive power is electricity.

The objects of my invention are, with reference to the switch mechanism, (1) to perform the functions of moving and locking fa rail switch, (2) to produce indication of the movement of the rail switch and its locked condition, (3) to produce verification of indication, (4) to automatically produce the iinal movement of the controller, and (5) to prevent movement in the event of a cross between any two wires of the unit, or any wire of the unit with an active wire outside the unit or an active wire of the unit with a wire of another unit, by opening the operating common. V] ith reference to the signal mechanism, to perform substantially the same functions.

T have shown my inventions in diagram, Figures 1 and 2 comprising a single diagrammatic view of two unitswa single unit in Fig. 1 and a single unit in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of means for preventing improper movement of the controller.

Yhile any desired number of units may be combined in a single system, the explanation of a switch unit and a signal unit will be sufiicient.

will iirst describe the mechanism and operation of the switch, referring chiefly tp Fig. 2.

A represents the rail switch.

1 is thc armature and 2 is the field of an electric motor which, through proper mechf anism, is capable of unlocking moving and locking the rail switch A.

3 is a source of electric energy.

4 and 5 are the brushes of an electric controller, capable of making electrical connection with the contact plates 6, 8 and 9, and 7,110 and 11, respectively. Said brushes 4 and 5 are connected with the controller bar 19 and move with it.

18 isa cut-out magnet for breaking the operating circuit in the event of a cross, as hereafter more fully described.

19 is a controller bar mounted in the usual manner and capable of reciprocating longitudinal movement.

20 is a slot with double inclines for moving the rod 21 connected with the mechanical interlocker in the usual manner.

22 is a rotary pole changing switch, which willl be hereafter more fully described in cletai 23 is anl electric switch for making and breaking the circuit in the following manner: The switch 23 is pivoted to a rod which is connected to the mechanism which locks the rail switch, and is so connected that, when the bolt moves to lock, the rod connected to said switch will move longitudinally and open said switch, and then, after a moment, by spring action or other desirable means, will be moved in the opposite direction to close the switch 23. This function may be performed in any one of several ways, as, for example, by setting up a spring as above stated, or by employing the momentum of the motor armature after locking.

38 and 39 are the` arms of two 'bell crank levers having hooked ends which are capable of engaging underneath the armature rod 25 ofthe armature 24. The other arms of these bell crank levers 40 and 41 are armatures capable of being drawn into contact with the cores of the magnets 16 and 17, respectively. The arm 4G has an extension 42 which rests down upon the core of the magnet 18 when the magnets 16 and 17 are not energized. Pivoted to the armatures 40 and 41 respectively, are rods 43 and 44, which, in turn, are pivoted to a lever 45, which is pivoted to a block 47 mounted in guides 46. Rigidly secured to the lever is an arm 48, which is bifurcated at its lower end and. takes over a pin secured to the rod 49. The rod 49 is pivoted to the electric switch 50.

The mechanism for moving and controlling-the controller bar 19 comprises the armature rod 25 of the armature 24 which has a beveled head which passes op through a,

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chine and a collar rigidly secured to said a mature rod 25 is a spring 28, which tends to force the armature and the armature rod npwardly.

26 and 27 are lugs upon the controller bar 19 which have vertical inner `faces and beveled outer faces, The beveled end of the armature rod 25, and the bevels upon the lugs 26 and 27 are so positioned that in the movement from either extreme position, the bevel of one lug will come in contact with the bevel of the armature rod, depress the armature rod and pass it; but the vertical side of the other lug will strike the vertical side of the armature rod, and prevent further ,movement until the armature rod is depressed as hereafter described.

29 and 30 are two bell crank levers pivotally secured to a rigid portion of the Amachine. The horizontal arms of said levers have slotted openings which take over a pin 31 in the armature rod 25. The opposite ends of these bell crank levers carry the hooks or lugs 32 and 33, respectively, which are secured to said arms 29 and 30 by means of springs. The lug 32 is capable of engaging in the notches 34 or 35 in the controller bar 19 and the lug 33 is capab'le of engaging the notches 36 or 37 in said bar.

The springs which are secured to the levers 29y and 3() and which carry the lugs 32 and 33 are of considerable length and strength; so that, as the vertical sides of the armature rod 25 is drawn down out of contact with the vertical face of lug 26 or 27 (according to the direction of movement of the controller) a lug 32 or 33 will immediately engage in a notch 35 or 36, and the upward pressure of the lug (32 or 33) against the bar 19 will be quite sufficient to hold said bar against any further intentional movement by the operator. Furthermore, as there is, necessarily, a certain amount of magnetic lag affording an appreciable amount of time between the impact of a lug (26 or 27) against the armature rod (since the current has to traverse the magnets 17, 14, the switch motor, and magnet 16) and the movement of the armature rod out of the path of the lug, there is substantially no probability of any intentional movement of the controller by the operator past the proper point. To guard against any malicious movement of a controller, an ordinary escapement lever may be employed, but since that device is not a part of this invention it is not shown or described further, since it will be readily inferred by one skilled in the art. lt will be noted that when a lug 32 or 33 engages in a notch in the bar 19 further movement on an arc of a circle is prohibited. The spring carrying the lug then yields with further rotation of its bell crank lever (29 or 30) and Jtravels in a substantially straight line parallel with the movement of the bar 19. l 19 prevents further movement on an arc eme ln the drawings the signalcontroller 19 is shown at normal, as are all the rest of the signal parts. The switch controller, for convenience of description, is shown moved toward reverse, that is, the manual movement has been performed and the circuit completed for amovement to reverse; but the other parts of the apparatus have not yet responded to the action ofv the current-in other words, the parts are in the position above referred to, when the controller has been moved, and owing to the magnetic-lag none of the parts has yet responded to the current. n

Having now indicated generally the parts of my apparatus, the operation of the same will be the more fully understood by describing a movement of the rail switch. Suppose it is desired to move the rail switch A. The operator will move the controller from its normal position (which would be that of the brush 4 in electrical connection with the contact 8 and the brush 5 in electrical connection with the contact 10) to the position shown in the drawing. The beveled face of the lug 27 will ride over the bevel of the armature rod 25, but the vertical face of the lug 26 will strike the vertical side of the. armature rod 25 and prevent further manual movement. This will close a circuit of the battery including the motor so that current will flow from battery 3, through wire 64, tongue 12, contact 13, wire 65, switch arm 50, wires 66, 64, tongue 12, con-- tact 13, wire 65', switch 50, wire 66, lconnection 51, wires 52', 52, magnet 17, wire 67, contact 6, brush 4, wire 68, magnet 14, wire 69, armature 1, 'switch arm 23, wire 70, ring 56, which is in electrical connection with the contacts 54 and 55, through contact 54, brush 61, wire 71, field coils 2, wire 63, brush 62, contact 58, (contacts 58 and 57 being in electrical connection with the ring 59), ring 59, wire 72, in connection with said ring, brush 5, contact 7, wire 74, magnet 16, and wires 75, 76 back to battery. This current, passing through the magnets 16 and 17 will energize them, and, if there a're no adverse conditions, will cause the armatures 40 and 41 to be raised, withdrawing the lugs 38 and 39 from underneath the armature rod 25. rlhis will permit downward movement of the armature rod. The energizing of these magnets will also draw the armature 24 and the armature rod 25 downwardly so that, just before the vertical side of the rod 25 passes IOO IIO

below the vertical face of the lug 26, the pin ofa circle. This movement of the lug 32 in engagement with the notch 35 willi move the controller bar such a distance that, when the armature rod is 25 again lifted by thespring 28 and againlowered by the magnets 16 and 17 the lug 32 will then engage .in the notch 34. But so long as this circuit remains established, that is until the rail switch movement is completed, the lug 32 will beheld firmly in the notch This current also energizes the switch motor and produces the regular movements of unlocking, moving and locking the rail switch. At the same time the current has energized the magnet 14, causingit to draw the armature 15 against the thrust of the spring 53 and -causing the lugl to engage one of the series of eight pins upon the rotary pole-changing switch 22.

It will be noted that so long as there are no adverse conditions and the magnets 1.6 and 1 7 are substantially simultaneously energized,

'both armatui es 40 and 41 will be coincidently raised and the arm 45 will maintain its horizontal position, merely moving up and down with the block 47 in the guides 46 and imparting no movement to the rod 49. As soon as the rail switch movement is complete and the locking bolt goes home, the switch 23 will be opened. This breaks the circuit of the battery and de-energiZes the magnets 16, 17 and 14. The fle-energizing of the magnets 16 and 17 results in the spring 28 returning the armature 24, armature rod 25, levers 29 and 30, lugs 32 and 33 and armatures 40 and 41 and lugs 3S and 39 to normal, that is, to the position shown in the drawing. The cle-energizing of the magnet 14 will release the armature 15 to force the rod carrying the lug 60 forward giving the rotary pole changing switch one-eighth of a turn. The contacts on said pole changer are so positioned that this movement will not throw the brushes 61 and 62 out of electrical connection with the contacts above men.

tioned, but so that the next succeeding movement of the pole changer will place the brushes 61 and 62 in connection with contacts oppositely connected. Shortly after these movements have taken place, the switch 23 will be returned and the circuit established. This will cause the re-energizing of the mage nets 16, 17 and 14, and re-energizing the switch motor. Vhen the magnets 16 and 17 are thus re-energized and before the switch motor can get under any headway owing to its inertia, said magnets 16 and 17 will raise the armatures 40 and 41, thereby releasing the armature rod 25, and the armature 24 will be drawn downwardly by the magnets 16 and 17. This movement of the armature rod 25 will, through the lever 29, swing the lug 32 over an arc of a circle into engagement in a notch on the bar 19, and, asthe bar 19 has been moved, as above described so that, on this movement of the lug 32rit will engage the notch 34 instead of the notch 35 it will engage-in that notch, and the continued movement downwardly of the armature rod will cause the spring connecting the lug 32 with the lever 29 to yield and consequently the lug 32 will move in a substantially straight line carrying the bar 19 with it. This movement of the bar 19 will move the brush 4 from electrical connection with contact 6 to electrical connection with the contact 9 and will move the brush 5 from electrical connection with the contact 7 to electrical connection with the contact 11. This will cut off the battery and cause the cle-energization of all parts. At the same time the, magnets 16 and 17 were energized to produce the final movement of the controller just described, the magnet 14 was again energized and the lug 60 engaged another pin on the rotary pole-changer 22, and when the circuit was opened at the controller, as above described, the spring 53 caused the rotary pole-changer 22 to make another eighth turn and reversed the connections through the field 2,l so that when current is again applied, while it will iiow in the same direction through the armature 1, it will flow in reverse direction through the field 2.

I will now describe, brielly, a movement of the switch back to normal. To accomplish this the operator moves the controller so that the brush 4 makes electrical connection with the contact 6 and the brush 5 makesv electrical connection with the Contact 7. Moving in this direction the lug 26 will pass over the armature rod 25, but the vertical face of the lug 27 will strike the vertical side of the armature rod 25 and prevent further manual movement of the controller. Current will then flow from battery 3, through wire 64,

tongue 12, contact 13, wire 65, switch 50,

wire 66, tongue 12, contact 13 wire 65 switch 50, wire 66 connection 51, wires 52, 52, magnet 17, wire 67, contact 6, brush 4,- wire 68, magnet 14,wire 69, armature 1, switch 23, wire 70, contact 54, brush 62, wire 63, field coils 2, wire 71, brush 61, contact 57, wire 72, brush 5, contact 7, wire 74, magnet 16, wires 75, 76 back to battery. This current passing through the magnets 16 and 17 will energize them, and, if there are no adverse conditions, will cause the armatures 40 and 41 to be raised, withdrawing the lugs 38 and 39 from underneath the armature rod 25. This will permit downward movement of the armature rod 25. The energy of these magnets will also draw the armature 24 and the armature rod 25 downwardly so that, just before the vertical side of the rod 25 passes below the vertical face of the lug 27, the pin 31 'acting on the lever 30 will swing the lug 33 upwardly on an arc of a circle into the notch 36. The further movement of the armature rod 25 downwardly will cause the spring connecting the lug 33 with the lever 30 to bend, and the movement of the lug 33 will then be in a substantially straight line, since the bar 19 prevents further movement on an engagement with the notch 36 will move the controller bar such a distance that, when the armature rod is again lifted by thespring 28 and again lowered by the magnets 16 and 17, the lug 33 will then engage in the notch 37. But so long as this circuit remains yestablished, that is until the said switch movement is completed, the lug 33 will be held iirmly in the notch 36, thus holding the bar 19 against further manual movement. This current also energizes the switch motor and produces the regular movements of unlocking, moving and locking the rail switch. At the same time the current has energized the magnet 14, causing it to draw the armature 15 against the thrust of the spring 53 and causing the lug 6() to engage one of the series of eight pins upon the rotary pole-ch anging switch 22. As soon as the rail switch has gone home and been locked, the switch 23 will open, as above described, and break the operating circuit. This will result in restoring the parts actuated by the magnets 16 and 17 to normal, and will result in the action of the spring 53 moving the pole changing switch on e-eighth of a turn. This one-eighth of a turn, however, does not reverse the current in the motor, but places the contacts in position where the current will be reversed upon the next following movement of the pole changing switch, as above described. After a moment, the switch 23 will be closed by the spring action of the mechanism of the locking bolt, and the current will again flow as above described. This re-energization of the circuit will, as above described in the movement from normal to reverse, energize the magnets 16 and 17, withdraw the lugs 38 and 39 from underneath the armature rod 25 and permit the armature rod to be drawn down, lifting the lug 33 to engage a notch in the bar 19. As the bar 1 9 has been moved, as above described on the vfirst energization of the magnets 16 and 17 so that the notch 37 is now in position to engage the lug 33, said lug 33 will engage said notch 37, and, as above described the lug 13 being prevented from further movement on an arc of a circle by the bar 19, the spring connecting it with the lever 30 will yield and it will travel in a substantially straight line carrying the bar 19 arc of a circle. This movement of the lug 33 in l -with it and moving the brush 4 out of electrical connection with the contact 6 and into electrical connection with the contact 8 and moving the brush 5 out of electrical connection with the contact 7 and into electrical connection with the contact 10. This cuts 0H' current from the battery, all parts go to normal, and the spring 53 acting on the lug 60 carries the rotary pole changer another one-eighth turn and reverses the direction of l'low in the field 2. The motor is then in proper relation to the controller through the pole changing switch to make the next movement..

It will now be seen that the indication that the rail switch has gone home and been locked is produced by thebreaking of the circuit by the switch 23, and the automatic return of the armatures 24 and the armatures 40 and 41 to normal, and th at the verification of such indiation is produced by the re-establishment of the circuit adjacent to the motor and the breaking of the circuit on the controller. It will also be seen that, if

the two wires were crossedv adjacent to the motor, that is, that wires 68 and 72, if the cross were su'flicient, the magnets 16and 17 might be energized, but there could be no indication for the reason that the cross once on would remain until corrected. Moreover, since the indication is verified by the restoration of the circuit and the causing of the final movement of the controller, even if a cross should occur su'Hiciently to produce the irst energization oiE the indicating magnets and then should be removed, it must necessarily be again produced in order to produce the final movement of the controller and the release o'l' the mechanical interlocker. Taking up, now, the signal apparatus, it will be observed that the controller and attendant mechanism are substantially identical with the switch controller, and that similar parts are indicated by like reference characters primed. Since the controller and attendant mechanism will be thus understood, I will describe the mechanism of the signal.

B is a counter weighted signal blade pivoted to the signal post in the usual manner. Mounted in bearings secured to the signal post is a square shaft 81. This shaft is secured at its lower end to the armature 3.

1 are the solenoids Jfor moving the signal to danger and 2 are the solenoids for moving the signal to reverse. Rigidly secured tothe shaft 81 is a plate 82.

83 is an arm having a hooked end 84, normally held out of contact with the plate 82 by a spring 85. The hook or lug 84 is positioned to engage under said plate 82 when the signal is reversed. The arm 83 is rigidly mounted upon a common pivot with the arms 86 and 87. The arm 86 is pivoted to a rod 93, which is the common armature rod of magnets 91 and 92. The arm 87 is essen- 'tially a snap-switch, making electrical connection in one position between the contacts 88 and 89, and in the other position between the contacts 88 and 90. The plate 82 has a slot 94, which slot has inclined portions at both ends. A roller 95 travels in this slot 94, and is pivoted to a rod 96 secured to the piston 97 of the dash-pot 98. This dash-pot yis provided with a valve whereby the piston TOO IIO

bracket 102 takes may make a rapid movement as the roller 95 enters the inclined portions of the slot 94 and makes a retarded movement in the opposite direction. It will thus be seen that in moving from the straight portion of the slot 94 into the inclined portions the rod 96 will move quickly, and that the resistance of the dash-pot will retard the movement of the rod 96 while the roller 95 is moving from either inclined portion of the slot to the vertical portion. Rigidly mounted upon the piston rod 96 is an arm 99 which moves the contact plate 23', which is capable of making and breaking electrical connection with the 'contact 100. slot 101 engaging the end of the arm 99. This slot 101 is so arranged with reference to the arm 99 that, in moving to the right, said arm will not move said plate 23' to break connection with the plate 100 until the roller 95 has nearly reached the end of one of the inclines in the slot 94, and will not re-establish connection with the plate 100 until the roller 95 has nearly reached the vertical portion of the slot 94.

Rigidly mounted upon the upper end of the shaft 81 is a bracket 102. Pivoted to the signal blade casting is a shaft 103. TheI freely over the shaft 103. A spring 104 is interposed between the upper side of said bracket 102 and a collar on said shaft 103, and a spring 105 is interposed between the. under side of said bracket 102 and a second collar on said shaft 103. The relation between the movement of the signal blade B is that the movement of the blade from normal to reverse, or vice versa, corresponds to the travel of the roller 95 in the vertical portion of the slot 94 and that further movement of the plate 82 carrying the roller 95 into either incline, results in the compression of one or the other of the springs 104 or 105. In other words, a signal movement is complete when the roller 95 reaches the end of the vertical portion of the slot 94, and that compression of either spring 104 or 105 and movement of roller 95 into an incline is for purposes of indication, and not for signal movement, as will hereafter more fully appear. The magnets 91 and 92 have armatures 106 and 107 oppostely arranged, so that when the magnet 91 is energized, the armature 106 will draw the rod 93 against the spring 85, and when the magnet 92 is energized the armature 107 will cri-operate with the spring 85.

22' is a rotary switch. The wire 70' is connected with the ring 56', and said ring is connected with the contacts 54', 55', 56' and 5f'.

61' and 62' are brushes so positioned that for movement to reverse the brush 62' makes electrical connection with one of said contacts and in movement to normal the brush 61' makes electrical connection with said con- The plate 23' has a lost-motion tacts. The movement of said switch 22' is caused bythe magnet 14' and its armature 15' and the spring 53' as hereafter explained. 113 is a magnet having a beveled armature rod 114, and 115 is a lug on the controller bar 19. The beveled end 114 is capable of engaging the lug 115 at the time and for the purpose hereafter more fully explained. Normally, the armature is held out of contact by a spring 116.

Having thus indicated cipal parts of the signal mechanism, I will first .describe a movement from normal to reverse. The controller is shown in the drawing in the normal position, the brushes 4' and 5' in electrical connection with the contacts 8' and 10' respectively. The operator now makes the manual movement of the controllertoward reverse so that the brush 4' makes electrical connection with generally the printhe contact 6' and the brush 5' makes electrical connection with the contact 7'. This brings the lug 26' against the armature rod 25' and places the brush 4' in electrical connection with the contact 6', and the brush 5' in electrical connection with the contact 7'. that current flows from battery 3, wire 64, tongue 12, contact 13, wire 65, switch 50, wires 66 and 64', tongue 12', contact 13', wire 65', switch 50', wire 66', connection 51, wires 52' and 117, magnet 17', wire 67', contact 6', brush 4', wire 68', magnet 14', wire 69', contact 100, contact plate 23', wire 70', ring 56', contact 54', brush 61', wire 108, magnet 91, wire 109, contact 88, arm 87, contact 89, wire 110, solenoids 2, wires 111, and 7 2', brush 5', contact 7', wire 74', magnet 16', wires 75', 80 and 76 back to battery. This will energize the magnets 16' and 17', release the armature rod A25' from the hooks 38' and 39', release the lug 26', and cause the hook 32' to engage in the notch 35', as described with reference to the switch controller, this will also energize the magnet 14' and cause the armature 15' to compress the spring 53' and cause the lug 60' to engage a pin on. the rotary switch 22' this will also energize the magnet 91 and cause its armature 106 to force the lug 84 against the edge of the plate 82,' this will also energize the solenoids 2' and through the rods 81 and 103 move the signal to reverse. As soon as the plate 82 is raised to the point where the roller 95 is about entering the lower inclined portion, the hook 84 will engage over the bottom edge of the plate 82, and the snap switch 87 will shunt the current from contact 89 to contact 90 and wire 112 to the wire 72', thus cutting out the solenoids 2' but holding the magnet 91 energized. The acquired momentum of the moving parts will compress the spring 104, carry the roller 95 down the lower incline in the plate 82, move the dash-pot piston 97 outwardly, and cause This closes a circuit of the battery so- IOO IIO

the bar 99 to move the plate 23 out of electrical connection with the contact 100. This will break the circuit ofthe battery, deenergize the magnets 16 and 17 and allow the spring 28 to return the parts to normal. The magnet 14 will be de-energized, and the spring 53 will cause the lug 60 to move the rotary switch an eighth turn, butnot out of electrical connection with the brush 61. The counter-weight of the signal and the energy of the spring 104 will then force the plate S2 downwardly, and force the piston 97 back into the dash-pot 93. But as the resistance of the dash-pot will afford a su'flicient period of time for the restoration of the controller mechanism and the armature 15 to normal, there is no danger oi' a restoration of the circuit before such movements have occurred. As the roller 95 is forced out of the lower incline in the slot 94 the plate 23 is carried back by the arm 99 into connection with the contact 100 just as the roller reaches the vertical portion of said slot. This restores the circuit last above described and causes the re-energization of the magnet 91 to hold the lug S4 in contact with the plate This causes the re-energization of the magnet 14 so that the lug 60 will engage another pin of the rotary switch 22. The magnets 16 and 17 will-be re-energized, the lugs 38 and 39 withdrawn from under the armature rod, and the lug 32 will engage the notch 34, and move the controller and brushes to full reverse. In this position the brush 4 will be in electrical connection with the contact 9, and the brush 5 in connection with the contact 11. This will establish a new circuit so that current will How from wire 52 through wire 118, magnet 113, wire 119, contact 9, brush 4, thence through the magnets 14 and 91, back through wire 72, brush 5, contact 11, and wires 120, 80 and 76 back to battery. This will hold the signal at reverse through magnet 91, and the magnet 113 will move its armature against its spring 116 and cause its beveled end 114 to descend into the path of the lug 115 (the lug 115 being in the full reverse position at the right of the armature rod 114, and at a sul'licien't distance from it to permit the initial movement toward normal as hereafter described). The magnets 16 and 17 being cut out of circuit, the armature 24 will rise, releasing the lug 32, and permitting the lugs 33 and 39 to engage the armature rod 25. The parts will remain in this position while the signal is at reverse.

Should the circuit be broken while the signal is at reverse the magnet 91 would be deenergized and the spring 35 would withdraw the lug 34, permitting the signal to go by gravity to danger.

I will now describe the movement of the signal from reverse to normal. The operator moves the controller bar until the lug 115 strikes the armature rod 11.4. This will place the brush 4 upon the insulation between contacts 6 and 9 and will place the brush 5 upon the insulation between the contacts 7 and 11. This will break the circuit last described, permit the armature 15 to move. and the lug 60 to move the rotary switch to place the brush 62 in contact. The magnet 1.13 will be de-energized also; and thereupon the operator will push the controller far forward until the lug 27 strikes the armature rod 25. In this position the brush 4 will make electrical connection with the contact 6, and thebrush 5 will make connectionwith the contact 7. This establishes a circuit of the battery so that current flows from battery 3 through wire 64, tongue 12, contact 13, wire 65, switch 50, wires 66 and 64, tongue 12, contact 13, wire 65', switch 50, wire 66, connection 51, wires 52 and 117, magnet 17, wire 67, contact 6, brush 4, wire 68, magnet 14, wire 69, contact 100, contact plate 23, wire 70, ring 56, brush 62, wire 121,. magnet 92, wire 122, solenoids 1, wires 123 and 7 2, brush 5, contact 7, wire 74, magnet 16, and wires 75, and 76 back to battery. This will energiZe the magnets 16 and 17 to produce the movement of the controller as heretofore described, the lug 33 engaging the notch 36 at this time. Magnet 14 will move the lug 60 to engage another pin of the rotary switch; the magnet 92 will release the plate 82 by drawing the lug 34, if the spring has not already done so; and the solenoids 1 will be energized to draw the armature 3 down against the spring 105. As soon as the roller 85 has nearly reached the end of the upper incline ofthe slot 94, the circuit will be broken between the contact 100 and the plate 23', this will release the armature of magnets 16 and 17 permitting the parts to go to normal, and will release the armature 15 so that the lug 60 will move the switch 22 an eighth turn. When the spring 105 has moved the roller 95 against the dash-pot until it nearly reaches the vertical portion of the slot 94, the circuit will be re-established by the contacts and 23. Current will then flow through the circuit above described, energizing the magnets 16 and 17 the magnet 14 and incidentally the magnet 92 and the solenoids 1. This will cause the lug 60 to engage another pin on the switch 22, and will cause the 'linal movement of the controller by the engagement of the lug 33 in the notch 37. The brush 4 passing to the contact 8, and the brush 5 passing to the contact 10, the battery circuit is broken andthe spring 53 forces the lug 60 to complete the reversal of the switch 22 for the next movement.

l will now describe the manner in which crosses are detected and false movement or indication prevented. I have already pointed out the effect of a cross of the two iield ITO wires of the switch unit, and shown how, false indication is prevented. The same explanation applies to a cross between the field wires of the signal unit. To show the effect of a cross between an active wire of one unit with a wire of another unit, suppose the wire 68 of the signal unit to be crossed with the wire 68 of the switch unit; and suppose attempt is made to clear the signal. Current would then flow from battery 3 through wire 64, tongue 12, Contact 13, wire 65, switch 50, wires 66, 64, tongue 12, contact 13, wire switch 50', wire 66, connection 51, wires 52, 117, magnet 17', wire 67, contact 6, brush 4, and wire 68 to the cross with wire 68, thence through wire 68 to brush 4, contact 8, and wires 78, 79 to cut out magnet 18 and thence through wires 73 and 76 to battery. This current will energize magnet 18, lift the tongue 12 and open the operating common. The cross is thus detected and movement prevented. The result would be the same in the event of a cross between either field wire of' either unit with either field wire of the other unit, or similar cross between wires of any two units of a system.

lt will be noted that the contacts 8 and 10 are connected to a common wire 124 to magnet 18', and that current passing through the wire 124 from, say, a third unit would go to negative through magnets 18 and 18 in series. lt the cross is of sufficient strength to open the operatingcommon by lifting either tongue 12 or 12, the cross would be evident, but suppose it were of insu'llicient strength to open the operating common. It, then, attempt were made, say, to move the switch, the following would occur: lt will be not-ed that when the controller oi a switch is at either extreme position and the controller of a signal at normal, both ield wires are in connection with the wire leading to the magnets 18 and 18. The wires 124,77 of all of the units of a system would take in series through all of the magnets 18, 18 of the system. Under those circumstances, as soon as the controller is moved to cause a movement of the switch, current would still continue to flow from the cross with the adj acent unit through magnet 18 of the unit, about to be operated. Notwithstanding the fact that the circuit of the unit might be intact, and the magnets 16 and 17 energized, the current flowing` through magnet 18, by reason of the actual contact of the extension 42 of the armature 41 with its core, prostrongl enough to break the operating common by lifting a tongue 12. Should. the unit the return wire of which is involved in a cross be next operated, if the operating common has not been broken by the tongue 12, the cross is insullicient to do any harm; and while it would not be cut out by the operation of that unit, it will be cut out by the movement of the next lever. It is thus evident that a cross between the two field wires of a unit will prevent indication and final movement, and that a ground will prevent indication and final movement and break the operating common. lt is also evident that any cross between units, either existing before movement or occurring after movement is begun and before indication, will be dctected andI cut out. It will be evident, to one skilled in the art of railway switching and signaling, that my invention may be readily adapted to a pneumatic system; and also, with slight adaptation, employed for block-signaling, either as an electric or pneumatic system.

lt will at once be observed, by one skilled in the art, that I have invented a two-wire system, and a two-wiresystem in which all of the functions of movement and indication are positively made. And more, for T `not only produce an indication as has been done heretofore, but I give proof' of indication. by battery action. rlhis invention l believe to be, not only novel and useful, but generic. t will be noted that l have shown a switch operated by lan electric motor, and a signal operated by a set ol' solenoids. It will be evident that l may use a motor to operate a signal, or a set of solenoids to operate a switch, if it is so desired. It will also be understood, from' the statement above, that such expressions as a source of energy, battery, motor,7 solenoids,` magnets &c., which are used as relating to electric energy, are intended to express broadly the several elements in a switching and signaling apparatus, whatever form of energy is eniployed, adaptable to such system.

In Fig. 3 l have shown typical means for preventing improper movement of the controller. It will be noted that, in the operation above described, it is possible for an operator, maliciouslyl or possibly accidentally, to make an improper movement of the controller by forcing the same by hand to its eXtreme position as soon as the armature rod 25 has released the lug 26 or 27 (or the corresponding parts in the case of the signal lever). The view of Fig. 3 shows the opposite side of the controller from Fig. 2. Secured to the armature rod 25 by a lug is a spring a. This spring has a lug or a tooth l) capable ofengaging the notches lf or m on the block i.'

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This spring has an upper beveled end c which engages a pin d on a fixed part of the machine. A plate e is mounted against the face of the ISO controller 'bar 19 and is supported by means of studs f, f, which are attached toa Xed part of the machine and which lie in vertical slots in said plate e. A block 'i is rigidly secured to the plate e and has the notches c and m,

and at its upper end is attached to-a retracting spring fn, the other-end of which spring is secured to a iiXed part of the machine. Secured to the side of the bar 19 are stops g and h which lie in the plane of the plate e. The plate e is notched upon its upper corners forming the vertical faces 0 and p. The operation rnay be briel'ly indicated. rlhe controller bar is shown in the same position as in Fig. 2, that is, the initial movement having been made, ready for the action of the current. It will be seen that the stop g has been moved practically into contact with. the end of the plate e just as the lug 26 has come into contact with the end of the armature 25. If now, for any reason, the operator should attempt to force the controller to ull reverse as soon as release of the lug 26 occurred, he would be prevented from so doing by the engagement of the stop g against the plate e. As soon as there is proper response on the part of the magnets 16 and 17 the armature 25 is lowered out of the way of the lug 26, and that movement of the armature rod 25 draws the spring a, downwardly, releasing the lug c from the xed pin d and permitting the hook b to engage in the notch m on the block t. Continued downward movement of the armature rod 25 causes the spring arm a, to draw the block i (and with it the plate e) downwardly, so that, by the time the hook end of the spring 32 engages in the notch 35 to move the controller bar (as above described) the plate e has been moved downwardly so that the stop g may pass into the.

notch having the vertical end 0. Thus again improper movement is prevented; :for if the operator should now attempt to force a iinal movement of the controller, he would be prevented from so doing by the engagement of the stop g with the end 0 of the plate e. As soon as the circuit is broken for indication (as above described) the armature rod25 is raised, and with it the spring a returns to the position shown in the drawing. But since the horizontal position of the notch in the plate e lies underneath the stop g, said plate e cannot respond to the action of the spring n; and the neXt time the armature rod descends, the lug b will engage the notch k in the block i and the plate e will then be drawn down wholly out of the path of the stop g, permitting the inal movement. Movement from reverse to normal will be so similar as to require no further explanation. It should be noted, however, that in either eXtreme position of the lever a stop g or h is in contact with the upper edge of the plate e, and that, upon the initial movement the plate e is elevated into the path of the said stops; so that, having once started a movement the operator can neither force the controller through to a completion of the stroke, nor can he return the same to the initial position. This device will be recognized by those skilled in the art as merely an adaptation of one of the many known eXpedients for accomplishing the end desired 5 and since it is such an adaptation, it is not made the subject of a claim,

l do not, therefore, limit myself to the speci'lic construction or apparatus shown, but claim broadly the generic features of my invention in the following claims:

1. A system for operating a rail switch, in which indication. is given by opening the circuit adjacent to the rail switch, comprising, a source of energy, a motor, mechanism for moving a rail switch, a circuit, a controller, an electric switch in said circuit, means energized by the operating current for producing indication, and means for opening said electric switch after the rail switch movement.

2. A system for operating a signal, in which indication. is given by opening the circuit ad acent to the signal, comprising,a source of energy, solenoids, mechanism Jfor moving a signal, a circuit, a controller, an electric switch in said circuit, means energized by the operating current for producing indication, and means for opening the same after a signal movement.

3. A two-wire system Jfor operating a rail switch, in which the indication is given. by opening the circuit adjacent to the rail switch and verification is given by closing the circuit adjacent to the rail switch.

4. A two-wire system for operating a signal, in which the indication is given by opening the circuit adjacent to the signal and verification of indication is given by'closing the circuit adjacent to the rail signal.

5. A system for operating a rail switch and producing indication of movement by the employment of a single circuit between controller and motor, a motor and mechanism for moving the rail switch, a controller, an indicator, and means for opening the circuit adjacent to the rail switch to produce indication;

6. A system for operating a signal and producing indication of movement by the employment of a single circuit between controller and solenoids, solenoids and mechanism for moving the signal, a controller, an indicator, and means for opening the circuit adjacent to the signal to produce indication.

7. A system for operating a rail switch and producing indication of movement .with a single circuit between controller and motor, wherein indication is produced by breaking the circuit adjacent to the rail switch and restoring, the circuit for the next movement, comprising, a source of energy, a motor, a cir- IOO cuit, a controller, an electric switch in said circuit, and means foropening and closing the same.

8. A system for operating a signal and producing indication of movement with a single circuit between controller and motor, wherein indication is produced. by breaking the circuit adjacent to the signal and restoring the circuit for the next movement, comprising, a

source of energy, solenoids, a circuit, a controller, an electric switch in said circuit, and means for opening and closing the same.

9. A system of operating a switch and producing indication of movement with a single circuit between controller and motor, wherein indication is produc-ed by breaking the circuit adjacent to the rail switch to produce indication propel', and restablishing the circuit adjacent to the rail switch to produce verification o'l indication.

l0. A system of operating a signal and producing indication of movement with a single circuit between controller and solenoids, wherein indication is produced by breaking the circuit adjacent to the signal to produce indication proper, and restablishing the circuit adjacent to the signal to produce verification of indication.

11. A source of energy, a motor, conductors connecting' said motor with said source ot energy, a controller, means for automatically breaking and restablishing the circuit of said conductors adjacent to the rail switch or signal, an indicator, and means for breaking said circuit at the controller by the energization of said indicator.

12. A source ot energy, solenoids, conductors connecting the solenoids with said source otenergy, a controller, means for automatically making and breaking the circuit of said conductors adjacent to the rail switch or signal, an indicator, and means for breaking said circuit at the controller by the energization ot said indicator.

1S. A system of electric signaling in which a source of energy, a controller, motor or solenoid, and a single circuit is employed between cabin and signal, in which indication is given by breaking the circuit adjacent to the signal, and in which verification of indication is given by re-establishing the circuit adjacent tothe signal.

14. A system of electric signaling in which a source of energy, a controller,'motor or solenoid, and a single circuit is employed. between cabin and signal, and in which indication is given by breaking the circuit adjacent to the signal.

1.5. A two-wire system for operating a rail switch, in which indication is given by opening the circuit adjacent to the rail switch, and verification given by closing the circuit adjacent to the rail switch; and in which the closing of the circuit adjacent to the rail switch and opening the circuit at the controller actuates electromagnetic means which change the connections through the motor to reverse it for the next movement.

16. A two-wire system for operating a signal, in which the indication is given by opening the circuit adjacent to the signal, and veriiication of indication given by closing the circuit adjacent to the signal, and in which the closing of the circuit adjacent to the signal and the opening ot the circuit at the controller actuates electro magnetic means which changes the connections through the solenoids to reverse the direction of application of energy to the signal on the next movement.

17. In a railway signaling apparatus, a source of energy, solenoids for producing the two movements of the signal, a controller, electro-magnetic means for switching the current from one set of solenoids to the other set of solenoids, according to the direction of movement of the signal, electro-magnetic means for locking the signal atreverse and means for returning the signal to normal by energizing the second set of solenoids.

18. A source of energy, a motor, a circuit, a controller, an indicator, means for closing the circuit including the said motor to move an object, means for automatically breaking said circuit at the end of a movement to produce indication, means for automatically restoring said circuit to Verity indication, and means for breaking the circuit at the controller after indication.

19. A source ot energy, solenoids, a circuit, an indicator, a signal to be moved, means for closing they circuit including one set of said solenoids to move a signal, means for automatically breaking said. circuit at the end of a signal movement to produce indication, means for automatically restoring said circuit to verify indication, means for breaking the circuit at the controller after indication, and means for closing the other set of solenoids in said circuit to move the signal in the opposite direction when the circuit is next closed at the controller.

20. A source of energy, a motor, a circuit, an indicator, an object to be moved, means for closing the circuit including the said motor to move an object, means for lautomatically breaking said circuit at the end of a movement to produce indication, means for automatically restoring said circuit to verify indication, means for breaking the circuit at the controller after indication, and means for reversing the connections of the motor to cause it to move in reverse direction when energized for the next movement.

21. A system for operating aswitchand. producing indication of movement with a single circuit between controller and motor, wherein indication is produced by breaking the circuit adjacent to the rail switch to produce indication proper, re-establishing the IOC IIO

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circuit adjacent to the rail switch to cause the iinal movement of the controller to give verification of indication, and reversing the connections through the motor so that it will revolve in reverse direction on the next movement.

22. A system for operating a signal and producing indication of movement with a single circuit between controller and field, wherein indication is produced by breaking the circuit adjacent to th-e signal to produce indication proper, re-establishing the circuit adjacent to the signal to cause the final movement of the controller and give veriiication of indication, and closing the solenoids in said circuit so that the signal will move in the opfposite direction upon the next application o energy.

23. In a railway switching apparatus, a source of energy, a motor, a controller, a circuit, an electric switch, means for opening 'said electric switch and means for closing said electric switch, a rotary pole-changing switch, a magnet in said circuit actuating said pole-changing switch, whereby mechanism is set up by the energization of said magnet in said circuit governing said olechanging switch and whereby said mec anism is released to actuate said pole-changing switch when the circuit is broken at the controller.

24. In a railway signaling apparatus, a source of energy, solenoids, a controller, a single circuit, an electric switch., means for o ening said electric switch and means for ciosing said electric switch, a reversing switch for shifting the current Jfrom one set of said solenoids to the other, a magnet actuating said switch, whereby mechanism is set up by the energization of said magnet in said circuit governing said switch ior shifting the current from one set of solenoids to the other, and whereby said mechanism is released to actuate said switch when the circuit is broken at the controller- 25. In combination with a source of energy, a controller, solenoids, mechanism for moving a signal, an indicator, a single electric circuit for energizing said solenoids and said indicating device, means for producing indication automatically by o ening the operating circuitat the signal en when the signal movement is complete, means for automatically closing the circuit adjacent to the signal and means for automatically opening the circuit at the controller.

26. In combination with a source of energy, ia controller, a motcr, mechanism for moving the rail switch, an indicator, a single electric circuit for energizing said motor and said indicating device, means for producing indication automatic ally by the opening of the o erating circuit adj acentto the rail switch w ien the switch movement is complete, means for automatically closing the circuit adjacent to the rail switch, and means for automatically opening the circuit at the controller.

27. In a railway switching apparatus, al

source of energy, a motor, mechanism for moving the rail switch, a controller, an indicator, asingle circuit including said motor, controller and indicator, means for temporarily breaking said circuit adjacent to the rail switch after movement oi' the rail switch to produce indication in the cabin, means Jfor restoring said circuit adjacent to said. rail switch to produce verification of said indication, means for breaking said circuit at the controller after indication, and means for reyversing the connections through the motor so that it will move in the opposite direction upon the next movement.

f 28. In a railway signaling apparatus, a

lsource of energy, solenoids, mechanism for `moving the signal, a controller, an indicator, `a single circuit including said solenoids, controller and indicator, means for temporarily vbreaking the circuit adjacent to the signal after each movement of the signal to produce indication, means for making said circuit adjacent to the signal to produce veriiication of indication, means for shunting the current around the indicator after indication when the signal goes to reverse, means for breaking said circuitI at the controller after indication when the signal goes to normal, and means for shifting the connections through said solenoids so that they will move the signal in the opposite direction upon the next movement. i

29. A source of energy, a motor, a controller, an indicator, a circuit including said motor, controller and indicator with said source of energy, means for automatically and temporarily breaking said circuit at the motor, means for automatically re-establishing said circuit at the motor, means for automatically breaking the circuit at the conltroller after it is re-established at the motor, and means for automatically reversing the connections through the motor to reverse the direction of rotation of said motor.

30. A source of energy, solenoids, a controller, an indicator, a circuit including said solenoids, controller and indicator with said source of energy, means for automatically and temporarily breaking said circuit adjacent to the signal, means for automatically re-establishing said circuit at that point, and means for automatically breaking the circuit at the controller after it has been ire-established adjacent to the signal, and means for automatically shifting the connections through said solenoids so that the signal will' be moved in the reverse direction upon the neXt movement.

31. In a railway switching apparatus, a source of energy, a motor, mechanism for moving the rail switch, a controller, an indi- IOO IIO

cator, a single circuit including said motor, controller and indicator, means for temporarily breaking said circuit adjacent to the rail switch after each movement of the railv switch to produce indication in the cabin, means :lor restoring said circuit adjacent to the rail switch to produce verification of said indication, and means for breaking said circuit at the controller after indication.

In a railway signaling apparatus, a source of energy, solenoids, mechanism for moving the signal, a controller, an indicator, a single circuit including' said solenoids, cont-roller and indicator, means for temporarily breaking the circuit adjacent to the signal after each movement of the signal to produce indication, means for making said circuit adjacent to the signal to produce veriiication of indication, means for shunting the current around the indicating' device after indication when the signal goes to reverse, and means for breaking said circuit at the controller after indication when said signal goes to normal.

33. In a railway signaling apparatus, a source of energy, solenoids, a controller, a circuit, means for moving the signal to reverse by the energization of said solenoids,

means for locking the signal at reverse, and means for giving 'indication oi' the reversal and locking of the signal by opening the circuit and re-establishing the same adjacent to the signal.

34. In a railway signaling apparatus, a source of energy, solenoids, a controller, means for moving the signal to reverse by the energization of one set of solenoids, means nfor locking said signal at reverse, means for producing the indication when said signal is at reverse and locked, means for shifting the current from the set of solenoids for moving said signal to reverse to a set of solenoids for moving said signa-l to normal, whereby, when the circuit is closed, the signal will be returned positively to the normal position, andmeans, when the signal is so returned to normal position, for giving positive indication of that fact.

35. In a railway signaling apparatus, a source of energy, a controller, solenoids for moving the signal to reverse, electro-magnetic means for locking the signal at reverse, indicating' magnets and means for producing indication when said signal is at reverse and locked in that position, and means for shunting the current around said indicating' device to negative, whereby Said signal is held at reverse so long as the circuit remains intact the current flowing therein, and means for breaking said circuit when it is desired to return the signal to normal, a second set of solenoids for returning the signal and means for producing indication from the full return to danger.

36, In a railway signaling apparatus, a source oi energy, solenoids, mechanism for lll moving the signal, a controller, an indicator, a circuit including said solenoids, controller and indicator, means for temporarily breaking the circuit adjacent to the signal after movement oi the signal to produce indication, means for making said circuit adjacent to the signal to produce veriiication of indication, means for shunting the current around the indicator after indication when the signal goes to reverse, means for breaking said circuit at the controller alter indication when the signal goes to normal, means for shifting the connections through said solenoids so that they will move the signal in the opposite direction on the next movement and a magnet in a wire leading around said indicator, an armature and an armature rod governed by said magnet, a lug on the bar of said controller, and said armature rod of said magnet and said lug being so positioned that, when the controller is at full reverse, movement toward normal by said controller is limited to a position where the current will be cut oii from all parts, and hold said controller in that position until all electro magnetically governed apparatus have gone to normal, and then releasing said controller.

37. in a railway switching and signaling apparatus, a circuit controller in which the initial movement is made manually, and in which the middle and final movements are made automatically by a mechanism actuated by a magnet in the wire leading to the switch moving mechanism and a magnet in the wire leading from s aid switch-moving mechanism to battery, whereby indication that the circuit is intact is given by the energization of said magnets to produce said middle movement, whereby indication of switch or signal movement is given by the denergization ol said magnets, whereby veriiication of indication is given by the reenergization of said magnets, and whereby the operating circuit is broken after verification by' the iinal movement of said controller produced by said re-energizing of said magnets.

38. ln a railway switching and signaling system in which operation and indication is produced by a single circuit between cabin and to switch or signal mechanism, magnets in said circuit for producing indication, a cut-out magnet for breaking the circuit in the event of a cross, and means governed either by said cut-out magnet ci by said indicating magnets to open the operating wire in the event o1 a cross of any active wire with any other wire ot the system.

39. In combination with a source of electric energy, a motor, a controller, a circuit, magnets in said circuit i'or moving said controller, and means for opening the operating wire if but one of said magnets is energized.

40. In combination with a source of en- IOO IIO

ergy, solenoids, a controller, a circuit, magnets in said circuit for moving said controller, and means Jfor opening the operating wire in case but one of said magnets is energized.

4l. ln a railway switching and signaling system, in combination with a source of energy, a controller, a motor or solenoids for moving a switch or signal, a single circuit, means for producing indication, means for opening the operating common of the system in the event of a cross between any active wire with any wire of the unit, comprising wires connecting both wires leading from controller to field with a wire leading to negative when the controller is either at normal or at reverse, an electric switch in the operating common, a cut-out magnet cut into said wire leading to negative, whereby the operating` common is opened upon the energization of said cut-out magnet.

42. In a railway switching and signaling system, a source of energy, motors and controllers, an operating common, an electric switch cut in to said common for each unit of the system, wires connecting all of the operating wires of switches to negative when at normal or full reverse, and connecting the operating wires oi' all signalcircuits to negative when the signal is at normal, electro-magnets in said wires, indicating magnets, an armature gov erned by said cut-out magnet whereby, if attempt is made to move the controller of a unit while a cross exists between any active wire and any wire of the system, the armature of said controller will be held against movement by the hook end of said armature engaging under the armature rod of said controller to prevent movement.

43. In a railway switching and signaling system, a source ot energy, motors and controllers, an operating common, an electric switch cut in to said common for each' unit of the system, wires connecting all of the operating wires of switches to negative when at normal or full reverse, and connecting the operating wires of all signal circuits to negative when the signal is at normal, electro-magnets in said wires governing said switch and said operating common, whereby, in the event of a cross with any wire of another unit not in operation, the operating common will be opened by the energization of one of said switches in the common wire leading to negative, thus preventing the movement of all units of the system until such cross is removed.

44.' A source of energy, a motor and mechanism Jfor moving the rail switch, a controller, a magnet in one of said wires leading from one pole of the source of energy to one contact piece on said controller, a magnet in the other wire leading from the opposite pole of said battery to a contact piece on said controller, a common armature governed by said magnets, an electric switch. in the operating common, a rod pivoted to said switch, a three-armed lever pivote d to a reciprocatory block, one of said arms being connected to said rod by a vertical slot taking over a pin in said rod, bell crank levers pivoted vas to their longer arms to rods pivoted tc the two arms of said three-armed lever, hooked ends on the shorter arms of saidv bell crank levers so positioned that when said magnets are not energized, said hooked ends engage underneath the armature rod of the armature of said magnet, and so that the longer arms of said bell crank levers will be attracted by the cores of said magnets to remove the hooked ends from underneath said armature rod to permit it to be moved downwardly, and whereby, in the event ol' failure to energize both of said magnets, one or the other of said hooked ends of said bell crank levers will engage said armature rod, and with the pivotal connections with the three-armed lever, will open the electric switch in the operating common.

45. In a railway switching and signaling system, a source of energy, a controller, a circuit, a motor or solenoid, magnets in the lead and return wire of said circuit, an electric switch in said circuit, armatures governed. by said magnets, mechanism actuated by said armatures for opening said switch when either one of said magnets is energized, and so arranged that it will have no effect upon said switch when both magnets are simultaneously energized.

46. In combination with a source of electric energy, a motor, a controller, a circuit, a magnet in each of the wires leading from battery, an electric switch in said circuit, an armature common to said magnets, an armature to each of said magnets, arms on said armatures capable of engaging the armature rod of said common armature, rods pivoted to said armatures, which are, in turn, pivoted to levers, which are capable of acting upon said electric switch, and so arranged that, when only one of said magnets is energized, said magnet so energized will act upon said armature connected mediately to said electric switch to open the same.

47. In a railway switching and signaling system, a source of energy, a controller, a circuit, a motor or solenoid, magnets in the lead and return wire of said circuit, an electric switch in said circuit, armatures governed. by said magnets, mechanism actuated by said armatures when both armatures are energized to merely reciprocate said mechanism; but to cause said mechanism to open said switch when only one of said magnets is energized, a cut-out magnet in a wire leading to negative, an extension on one of said armatures to rest in contact with the core of said cut-out magnet when said magnets are not energized, whereby a cross external to the unit to be op- IOO IOS

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erated will energize said cut-out magnet to hold one of said armatures against movement, whereby the circuit is opened.

4S. A source of energy, a motor or solenoids, mechanism for moving the switch or signal, a controller, a magnet in the wire leading from the ositive pole of the battery to a contact on t 1e controller to connect it with one operating wire, a magnet in the wire leading from the contact on the controller to connect battery with the other operating wire to the negative pole of the battery, a common armature governed by said magnets, an electric switch in one of said wires leading Jfrom battery to controller or switch or signal, a rod pivoted to said switch, a three-armed lever pivoted to a sliding block in a Jframe, one of said arms being bifurcated and taking over a pin in said rod pivoted to said electric switch, rods pivoted to the other two arms of said lever, bell crank levers, one arm of each being pivoted to said last mentioned rods, and one arm of each acting respectively as an armature.

49. In a railway switching and signaling system, a source of energy, a motor or solenoids, mechanism for moving a switch or a signal, a controller, a wire leading from one pole or' the battery to switch mechanism` through the controller, a magnet in said wire, a second wire leading from said switch mechanism through the controller to the opposite pole of the battery, a magnet in said wire, a common armature governed by said magnets, an electric switch in one of said wires, bell crank levers pivoted adjacent to each of said magnets, one arm of each lever constituting an armature governed by its respective magnet, and one end of each of said levers arranged to engage the armature rod of said common armature when said magnets are not energized, and to release it when said magnets are both energized, a three-armed lever', two of said arms pivoted by connecting rods to said bell crank levers, the other arm of said three-armed lever being so connected to a rod pivoted to said switch that, when both of said magnets are energized no movement of the electric switch will occur; but when one of said magnets is energized and the other is not, the movement of the one lever will cause said arm to open said switch.

50. In a railway switching and signaling system, a source of energy, a plurality of units, a motor or solenoid and a controller in each unit, a circuit to each unit, an operating common, an electric switch to each unit in said operating common, a cut-out magnet to each unit governing its electric switch, wires connecting all inactive wires of the system to negative through said cut out magnets, whereby one of said switches in the operating commonis opened by the energization of one of said cut-out magnets in the event of a cross between any inactive wire with any active wire.

51. In a railway switching and signaling system, a source of energy, a plurality of units, a motor or solenoid and a controller in each unit, a circuit to each unit, an operating common, an electric switch to each unit in said operating common, magnets in each circuit, armatures governed by said magnets and governing said switches, cut-out magnets in each unit, wires connecting all inactive wires of the system to negative through said cut-out magnets, said cut-out magnets governing the armature of one of said magnets in the circuit of each unit, whereby, in the event of a cross of insuliicient strength to open the operating 'common by moving the switch directly governed by the cut-out magnet, a switch mediately governed by said magnets in the circuit of a unit will be opened.

52. In a railway switching and signaling system, in combination with a source of energy, a circuit, and a motor or solenoid, a magnet in the positive wire, a magnet in the negative wire, a common armature governed thereby, a controller bar, an armature rod actuated by said common armature, a stop for limiting the hand movement of the controller bar, arms actuated by said armature rod, whereby, when the circuit is closed by making the initial movement of the controller by hand, an initial movement of the bar will be made evidencing the fact that the circuit is intact; when the circuit is opened adjacent to the switch or signal, the armature will return to normal and said arms will disengage said bar, thus giving indicationof movement; and whereby, when the circuit is again made a'djacent to the switch or signal, said armature will cause iinal movement of the controller bar, to produce verification of indication, in addition to causing the final movement.

53. In a railway switching and signaling system, in combination with a source of energy, a circuit, and a motor or solenoid, a magnet in the positive wire, a magnet in the negative wire, a common armature governed thereby, a controller bar, an armature rod actuated by said common armature, a stop for limiting the hand movement of the controller bar, arms actuated by said armature rod, whereby, when the circuit is closed by making the initial movement of the controller by hand, an initial movement of the bar will be made, evidencing the fact that the circuit is intact; when the circuit is opened adjacent to the switch or signal, the armature will return to normal and said arms willdisengage said bar, thus giving indication of movement, and whereby, when the circuit is again made adjacent to the switch or signal, said armature will cause inal movement of the control- IOO IOS

ITO

1er bar, to produce verification of indication, In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set in zddtionhto @lansing the (inal rlnovement, my hand in the presence of tWo Witnesses. an asWto int eorout an mee ansm ao- T tnated by said magnets to open a switch in W ILLIAM MACOMBER the circuit, When or n oase said magnets are Witnesses: not ooinedently energizedJ or only one mag- A. W. MACOMBER, net energized. E. F. BRANCH. 

